Struct std::time::Instant

pub struct Instant(_);

A measurement of a monotonically nondecreasing clock. Opaque and useful only with Duration.

Instants are always guaranteed to be no less than any previously measured instant when created, and are often useful for tasks such as measuring benchmarks or timing how long an operation takes.

Note, however, that instants are not guaranteed to be steady. In other words, each tick of the underlying clock might not be the same length (e.g. some seconds may be longer than others). An instant may jump forwards or experience time dilation (slow down or speed up), but it will never go backwards.

Instants are opaque types that can only be compared to one another. There is no method to get “the number of seconds” from an instant. Instead, it only allows measuring the duration between two instants (or comparing two instants).

The size of an Instant struct may vary depending on the target operating system.

Example:

use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
use std::thread::sleep;

fn main() {
   let now = Instant::now();

   // we sleep for 2 seconds
   sleep(Duration::new(2, 0));
   // it prints '2'
   println!("{}", now.elapsed().as_secs());
}

OS-specific behaviors

An Instant is a wrapper around system-specific types and it may behave differently depending on the underlying operating system. For example, the following snippet is fine on Linux but panics on macOS:

use std::time::{Instant, Duration};

let now = Instant::now();
let max_nanoseconds = u64::MAX / 1_000_000_000;
let duration = Duration::new(max_nanoseconds, 0);
println!("{:?}", now + duration);

Underlying System calls

Currently, the following system calls are being used to get the current time using now():

Platform	System call
SGX	insecure_time usercall. More information on timekeeping in SGX
UNIX	clock_gettime (Monotonic Clock)
Darwin	mach_absolute_time
VXWorks	clock_gettime (Monotonic Clock)
WASI	__wasi_clock_time_get (Monotonic Clock)
Windows	QueryPerformanceCounter

Disclaimer: These system calls might change over time.

Note: mathematical operations like add may panic if the underlying structure cannot represent the new point in time.

Implementations

impl Instant

pub fn now() -> Instant

Returns an instant corresponding to “now”.

Examples

use std::time::Instant;

let now = Instant::now();

pub fn duration_since(&self, earlier: Instant) -> Duration

Returns the amount of time elapsed from another instant to this one.

Panics

This function will panic if earlier is later than self.

Examples

use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
use std::thread::sleep;

let now = Instant::now();
sleep(Duration::new(1, 0));
let new_now = Instant::now();
println!("{:?}", new_now.duration_since(now));

pub fn checked_duration_since(&self, earlier: Instant) -> Option<Duration>

Returns the amount of time elapsed from another instant to this one, or None if that instant is later than this one.

Examples

use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
use std::thread::sleep;

let now = Instant::now();
sleep(Duration::new(1, 0));
let new_now = Instant::now();
println!("{:?}", new_now.checked_duration_since(now));
println!("{:?}", now.checked_duration_since(new_now)); // None

pub fn saturating_duration_since(&self, earlier: Instant) -> Duration

Returns the amount of time elapsed from another instant to this one, or zero duration if that instant is later than this one.

Examples

use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
use std::thread::sleep;

let now = Instant::now();
sleep(Duration::new(1, 0));
let new_now = Instant::now();
println!("{:?}", new_now.saturating_duration_since(now));
println!("{:?}", now.saturating_duration_since(new_now)); // 0ns

pub fn elapsed(&self) -> Duration

Returns the amount of time elapsed since this instant was created.

Panics

This function may panic if the current time is earlier than this instant, which is something that can happen if an Instant is produced synthetically.

Examples

use std::thread::sleep;
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};

let instant = Instant::now();
let three_secs = Duration::from_secs(3);
sleep(three_secs);
assert!(instant.elapsed() >= three_secs);

pub fn checked_add(&self, duration: Duration) -> Option<Instant>

Returns Some(t) where t is the time self + duration if t can be represented as Instant (which means it’s inside the bounds of the underlying data structure), None otherwise.

pub fn checked_sub(&self, duration: Duration) -> Option<Instant>

Returns Some(t) where t is the time self - duration if t can be represented as Instant (which means it’s inside the bounds of the underlying data structure), None otherwise.

Trait Implementations

impl Add<Duration> for Instant

fn add(self, other: Duration) -> Instant

Panics

This function may panic if the resulting point in time cannot be represented by the underlying data structure. See Instant::checked_add for a version without panic.

type Output = Instant

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

impl AddAssign<Duration> for Instant

fn add_assign(&mut self, other: Duration)

Performs the += operation.

impl Clone for Instant

fn clone(&self) -> Instant

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Debug for Instant

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Hash for Instant

fn hash<__H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut __H)

Feeds this value into the given Hasher.

fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H) where
    H: Hasher, 

Feeds a slice of this type into the given Hasher.

impl Ord for Instant

fn cmp(&self, other: &Instant) -> Ordering

This method returns an Ordering between self and other.

fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self

Compares and returns the maximum of two values.

fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self

Compares and returns the minimum of two values.

fn clamp(self, min: Self, max: Self) -> Self

Restrict a value to a certain interval.

impl PartialEq<Instant> for Instant

fn eq(&self, other: &Instant) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Instant) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialOrd<Instant> for Instant

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Instant) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl Sub<Duration> for Instant

type Output = Instant

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, other: Duration) -> Instant

Performs the - operation.

impl Sub<Instant> for Instant

type Output = Duration

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, other: Instant) -> Duration

Performs the - operation.

impl SubAssign<Duration> for Instant

fn sub_assign(&mut self, other: Duration)

Performs the -= operation.

impl Copy for Instant

impl Eq for Instant

impl StructuralEq for Instant

impl StructuralPartialEq for Instant