Struct std::iter::Peekable

pub struct Peekable<I> where
    I: Iterator,  { /* fields omitted */ }

An iterator with a peek() that returns an optional reference to the next element.

This struct is created by the peekable method on Iterator. See its documentation for more.

Implementations

impl<I> Peekable<I> where
    I: Iterator, 

pub fn peek(&mut self) -> Option<&<I as Iterator>::Item>

Returns a reference to the next() value without advancing the iterator.

Like next, if there is a value, it is wrapped in a Some(T). But if the iteration is over, None is returned.

Because peek() returns a reference, and many iterators iterate over references, there can be a possibly confusing situation where the return value is a double reference. You can see this effect in the examples below.

Examples

Basic usage:

let xs = [1, 2, 3];

let mut iter = xs.iter().peekable();

// peek() lets us see into the future
assert_eq!(iter.peek(), Some(&&1));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&1));

assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&2));

// The iterator does not advance even if we `peek` multiple times
assert_eq!(iter.peek(), Some(&&3));
assert_eq!(iter.peek(), Some(&&3));

assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&3));

// After the iterator is finished, so is `peek()`
assert_eq!(iter.peek(), None);
assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);

pub fn peek_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut <I as Iterator>::Item>

Returns a mutable reference to the next() value without advancing the iterator.

Like next, if there is a value, it is wrapped in a Some(T). But if the iteration is over, None is returned.

Because peek_mut() returns a reference, and many iterators iterate over references, there can be a possibly confusing situation where the return value is a double reference. You can see this effect in the examples below.

Examples

Basic usage:

let mut iter = [1, 2, 3].iter().peekable();

// Like with `peek()`, we can see into the future without advancing the iterator.
assert_eq!(iter.peek_mut(), Some(&mut &1));
assert_eq!(iter.peek_mut(), Some(&mut &1));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&1));

// Peek into the iterator and set the value behind the mutable reference.
if let Some(p) = iter.peek_mut() {
    assert_eq!(*p, &2);
    *p = &5;
}

// The value we put in reappears as the iterator continues.
assert_eq!(iter.collect::<Vec<_>>(), vec![&5, &3]);

pub fn next_if(
    &mut self,
    func: impl FnOnce(&<I as Iterator>::Item) -> bool
) -> Option<<I as Iterator>::Item>

Consume and return the next value of this iterator if a condition is true.

If func returns true for the next value of this iterator, consume and return it. Otherwise, return None.

Examples

Consume a number if it’s equal to 0.

let mut iter = (0..5).peekable();
// The first item of the iterator is 0; consume it.
assert_eq!(iter.next_if(|&x| x == 0), Some(0));
// The next item returned is now 1, so `consume` will return `false`.
assert_eq!(iter.next_if(|&x| x == 0), None);
// `next_if` saves the value of the next item if it was not equal to `expected`.
assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(1));

Consume any number less than 10.

let mut iter = (1..20).peekable();
// Consume all numbers less than 10
while iter.next_if(|&x| x < 10).is_some() {}
// The next value returned will be 10
assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(10));

pub fn next_if_eq<T>(&mut self, expected: &T) -> Option<<I as Iterator>::Item> where
    T: ?Sized,
    <I as Iterator>::Item: PartialEq<T>, 

Consume and return the next item if it is equal to expected.

Example

Consume a number if it’s equal to 0.

let mut iter = (0..5).peekable();
// The first item of the iterator is 0; consume it.
assert_eq!(iter.next_if_eq(&0), Some(0));
// The next item returned is now 1, so `consume` will return `false`.
assert_eq!(iter.next_if_eq(&0), None);
// `next_if_eq` saves the value of the next item if it was not equal to `expected`.
assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(1));

Trait Implementations

impl<I> Clone for Peekable<I> where
    I: Clone + Iterator,
    <I as Iterator>::Item: Clone, 

pub fn clone(&self) -> Peekable<I>

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl<I> Debug for Peekable<I> where
    I: Debug + Iterator,
    <I as Iterator>::Item: Debug, 

pub fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<I> DoubleEndedIterator for Peekable<I> where
    I: DoubleEndedIterator, 

pub fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<<Peekable<I> as Iterator>::Item>

Removes and returns an element from the end of the iterator.

pub fn try_rfold<B, F, R>(&mut self, init: B, f: F) -> R where
    F: FnMut(B, <Peekable<I> as Iterator>::Item) -> R,
    R: Try<Output = B>,
    Peekable<I>: Sized, 

This is the reverse version of Iterator::try_fold(): it takes elements starting from the back of the iterator.

pub fn rfold<Acc, Fold>(self, init: Acc, fold: Fold) -> Acc where
    Fold: FnMut(Acc, <Peekable<I> as Iterator>::Item) -> Acc, 

An iterator method that reduces the iterator’s elements to a single, final value, starting from the back.

fn advance_back_by(&mut self, n: usize) -> Result<(), usize>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_advance_by #77404)

recently added

Advances the iterator from the back by n elements.

fn nth_back(&mut self, n: usize) -> Option<Self::Item>

Returns the nth element from the end of the iterator.

fn rfind<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool, 

Searches for an element of an iterator from the back that satisfies a predicate.

impl<I> ExactSizeIterator for Peekable<I> where
    I: ExactSizeIterator, 

fn len(&self) -> usize

Returns the exact length of the iterator.

fn is_empty(&self) -> bool

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (exact_size_is_empty #35428)

Returns true if the iterator is empty.

impl<I> Iterator for Peekable<I> where
    I: Iterator, 

type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item

The type of the elements being iterated over.

pub fn next(&mut self) -> Option<<I as Iterator>::Item>

Advances the iterator and returns the next value.

pub fn count(self) -> usize

Consumes the iterator, counting the number of iterations and returning it.

pub fn nth(&mut self, n: usize) -> Option<<I as Iterator>::Item>

Returns the nth element of the iterator.

pub fn last(self) -> Option<<I as Iterator>::Item>

Consumes the iterator, returning the last element.

pub fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>)

Returns the bounds on the remaining length of the iterator.

pub fn try_fold<B, F, R>(&mut self, init: B, f: F) -> R where
    F: FnMut(B, <Peekable<I> as Iterator>::Item) -> R,
    R: Try<Output = B>,
    Peekable<I>: Sized, 

An iterator method that applies a function as long as it returns successfully, producing a single, final value.

pub fn fold<Acc, Fold>(self, init: Acc, fold: Fold) -> Acc where
    Fold: FnMut(Acc, <Peekable<I> as Iterator>::Item) -> Acc, 

Folds every element into an accumulator by applying an operation, returning the final result.

fn advance_by(&mut self, n: usize) -> Result<(), usize>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_advance_by #77404)

recently added

Advances the iterator by n elements.

fn step_by(self, step: usize) -> StepBy<Self>

Creates an iterator starting at the same point, but stepping by the given amount at each iteration.

fn chain<U>(self, other: U) -> Chain<Self, <U as IntoIterator>::IntoIter> where
    U: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>, 

Takes two iterators and creates a new iterator over both in sequence.

fn zip<U>(self, other: U) -> Zip<Self, <U as IntoIterator>::IntoIter> where
    U: IntoIterator, 

‘Zips up’ two iterators into a single iterator of pairs.

fn intersperse(self, separator: Self::Item) -> Intersperse<Self> where
    Self::Item: Clone, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_intersperse #79524)

recently added

Creates a new iterator which places a copy of separator between adjacent items of the original iterator.

fn intersperse_with<G>(self, separator: G) -> IntersperseWith<Self, G> where
    G: FnMut() -> Self::Item, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_intersperse #79524)

recently added

Creates a new iterator which places an item generated by separator between adjacent items of the original iterator.

fn map<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Map<Self, F> where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> B, 

Takes a closure and creates an iterator which calls that closure on each element.

fn for_each<F>(self, f: F) where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item), 

Calls a closure on each element of an iterator.

fn filter<P>(self, predicate: P) -> Filter<Self, P> where
    P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool, 

Creates an iterator which uses a closure to determine if an element should be yielded.

fn filter_map<B, F>(self, f: F) -> FilterMap<Self, F> where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option<B>, 

Creates an iterator that both filters and maps.

fn enumerate(self) -> Enumerate<Self>

Creates an iterator which gives the current iteration count as well as the next value.

fn peekable(self) -> Peekable<Self>

Creates an iterator which can use the peek and peek_mut methods to look at the next element of the iterator without consuming it. See their documentation for more information.

fn skip_while<P>(self, predicate: P) -> SkipWhile<Self, P> where
    P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool, 

Creates an iterator that skips elements based on a predicate.

fn take_while<P>(self, predicate: P) -> TakeWhile<Self, P> where
    P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool, 

Creates an iterator that yields elements based on a predicate.

fn map_while<B, P>(self, predicate: P) -> MapWhile<Self, P> where
    P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option<B>, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_map_while #68537)

recently added

Creates an iterator that both yields elements based on a predicate and maps.

fn skip(self, n: usize) -> Skip<Self>

Creates an iterator that skips the first n elements.

fn take(self, n: usize) -> Take<Self>

Creates an iterator that yields the first n elements, or fewer if the underlying iterator ends sooner.

fn scan<St, B, F>(self, initial_state: St, f: F) -> Scan<Self, St, F> where
    F: FnMut(&mut St, Self::Item) -> Option<B>, 

An iterator adapter similar to fold that holds internal state and produces a new iterator.

fn flat_map<U, F>(self, f: F) -> FlatMap<Self, U, F> where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> U,
    U: IntoIterator, 

Creates an iterator that works like map, but flattens nested structure.

fn flatten(self) -> Flatten<Self> where
    Self::Item: IntoIterator, 

Creates an iterator that flattens nested structure.

fn fuse(self) -> Fuse<Self>

Creates an iterator which ends after the first None.

fn inspect<F>(self, f: F) -> Inspect<Self, F> where
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item), 

Does something with each element of an iterator, passing the value on.

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self

Borrows an iterator, rather than consuming it.

fn collect<B>(self) -> B where
    B: FromIterator<Self::Item>, 

Transforms an iterator into a collection.

fn partition<B, F>(self, f: F) -> (B, B) where
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,
    B: Default + Extend<Self::Item>, 

Consumes an iterator, creating two collections from it.

fn partition_in_place<'a, T, P>(self, predicate: P) -> usize where
    Self: DoubleEndedIterator<Item = &'a mut T>,
    T: 'a,
    P: FnMut(&T) -> bool, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_partition_in_place #62543)

new API

Reorders the elements of this iterator in-place according to the given predicate, such that all those that return true precede all those that return false. Returns the number of true elements found.

fn is_partitioned<P>(self, predicate: P) -> bool where
    P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_is_partitioned #62544)

new API

Checks if the elements of this iterator are partitioned according to the given predicate, such that all those that return true precede all those that return false.

fn try_for_each<F, R>(&mut self, f: F) -> R where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> R,
    R: Try<Output = ()>, 

An iterator method that applies a fallible function to each item in the iterator, stopping at the first error and returning that error.

fn reduce<F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item, Self::Item) -> Self::Item, 

Reduces the elements to a single one, by repeatedly applying a reducing operation.

fn all<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> bool where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool, 

Tests if every element of the iterator matches a predicate.

fn any<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> bool where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool, 

Tests if any element of the iterator matches a predicate.

fn find<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool, 

Searches for an element of an iterator that satisfies a predicate.

fn find_map<B, F>(&mut self, f: F) -> Option<B> where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option<B>, 

Applies function to the elements of iterator and returns the first non-none result.

fn try_find<F, R, E>(&mut self, f: F) -> Result<Option<Self::Item>, E> where
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> R,
    R: Try<Output = bool, Residual = Result<Infallible, E>> + Try, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (try_find #63178)

new API

Applies function to the elements of iterator and returns the first true result or the first error.

fn position<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<usize> where
    P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool, 

Searches for an element in an iterator, returning its index.

fn rposition<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<usize> where
    Self: ExactSizeIterator + DoubleEndedIterator,
    P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool, 

Searches for an element in an iterator from the right, returning its index.

fn max(self) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    Self::Item: Ord, 

Returns the maximum element of an iterator.

fn min(self) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    Self::Item: Ord, 

Returns the minimum element of an iterator.

fn max_by_key<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> B,
    B: Ord, 

Returns the element that gives the maximum value from the specified function.

fn max_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering, 

Returns the element that gives the maximum value with respect to the specified comparison function.

fn min_by_key<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> B,
    B: Ord, 

Returns the element that gives the minimum value from the specified function.

fn min_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering, 

Returns the element that gives the minimum value with respect to the specified comparison function.

fn rev(self) -> Rev<Self> where
    Self: DoubleEndedIterator, 

Reverses an iterator’s direction.

fn unzip<A, B, FromA, FromB>(self) -> (FromA, FromB) where
    Self: Iterator<Item = (A, B)>,
    FromA: Default + Extend<A>,
    FromB: Default + Extend<B>, 

Converts an iterator of pairs into a pair of containers.

fn copied<'a, T>(self) -> Copied<Self> where
    Self: Iterator<Item = &'a T>,
    T: 'a + Copy, 

Creates an iterator which copies all of its elements.

fn cloned<'a, T>(self) -> Cloned<Self> where
    Self: Iterator<Item = &'a T>,
    T: 'a + Clone, 

Creates an iterator which clones all of its elements.

fn cycle(self) -> Cycle<Self> where
    Self: Clone, 

Repeats an iterator endlessly.

fn sum<S>(self) -> S where
    S: Sum<Self::Item>, 

Sums the elements of an iterator.

fn product<P>(self) -> P where
    P: Product<Self::Item>, 

Iterates over the entire iterator, multiplying all the elements

fn cmp<I>(self, other: I) -> Ordering where
    I: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>,
    Self::Item: Ord, 

Lexicographically compares the elements of this Iterator with those of another.

fn cmp_by<I, F>(self, other: I, cmp: F) -> Ordering where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item, <I as IntoIterator>::Item) -> Ordering,
    I: IntoIterator, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_order_by #64295)

Lexicographically compares the elements of this Iterator with those of another with respect to the specified comparison function.

fn partial_cmp<I>(self, other: I) -> Option<Ordering> where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Lexicographically compares the elements of this Iterator with those of another.

fn partial_cmp_by<I, F>(self, other: I, partial_cmp: F) -> Option<Ordering> where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item, <I as IntoIterator>::Item) -> Option<Ordering>,
    I: IntoIterator, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_order_by #64295)

Lexicographically compares the elements of this Iterator with those of another with respect to the specified comparison function.

fn eq<I>(self, other: I) -> bool where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialEq<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are equal to those of another.

fn eq_by<I, F>(self, other: I, eq: F) -> bool where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item, <I as IntoIterator>::Item) -> bool,
    I: IntoIterator, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_order_by #64295)

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are equal to those of another with respect to the specified equality function.

fn ne<I>(self, other: I) -> bool where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialEq<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are unequal to those of another.

fn lt<I>(self, other: I) -> bool where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically less than those of another.

fn le<I>(self, other: I) -> bool where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically less or equal to those of another.

fn gt<I>(self, other: I) -> bool where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically greater than those of another.

fn ge<I>(self, other: I) -> bool where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically greater than or equal to those of another.

fn is_sorted(self) -> bool where
    Self::Item: PartialOrd<Self::Item>, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (is_sorted #53485)

new API

Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted.

fn is_sorted_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> bool where
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Option<Ordering>, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (is_sorted #53485)

new API

Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted using the given comparator function.

fn is_sorted_by_key<F, K>(self, f: F) -> bool where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> K,
    K: PartialOrd<K>, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (is_sorted #53485)

new API

Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted using the given key extraction function.

impl<I> FusedIterator for Peekable<I> where
    I: FusedIterator, 

impl<I> TrustedLen for Peekable<I> where
    I: TrustedLen,